![]() ![]() Homeostatic Imbalance - Smoking inhibits and destroys cilia Trachealis flexibility allows esophagus to expand Submucosa, connective tissue layer, seromucous glands, 16-Ģ0 C-shaped cartilage rings encased by adventitia, outerĬartilage rings ensure trachea remains open during pressureĬhanges. Mucosa, contains goblet cells, cilia and is elastic. Conducting zone: respiratory passageways.Respiratory zone: site of gas exchange, bronchioles,.22 Lower respiratory system consists of conducting and respiratory zone structures Laryngopharynx - Food and air passage, continuous withĮsophagus posteriorly. Oropharynx - Food and air passes, epithelium different, for more ‘trauma’ due to food stuffs etc. Pharyngeal tonsil traps and destroys pathogens. ‘Throat’, 13 cm, walls composed of skeletal muscle, three Paranasal Sinuses - Nasal cavity surrounded by ring of ![]() Increases mucosal surface area, enhances air turbulence,įorcing particles onto mucous membranes. Nasal conchae: scroll-like mucosa covered projections. Ciliated cells moveĬontaminated mucous to throat to be swallowed. Epithelial cells secreteĭefensins → natural antibiotic. Glands/cells secrete fluids with enzymes, lysozyme
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